Хапцев З. Ю., Спиряхина Т. В., Неповинных Н. В., Попова О. М. Ферментные микробные препараты и их использование в биотехнологических производствах: стратегии совершенствования и перспективы применения // Научная жизнь. 2025. Т. 20. Вып. 6 (144). С. 1880-1892. DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2025-20-6-1880-1892

Хапцев Заур Юрьевич, канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры «Микробиология и биотехнология», ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии им. Н. И. Вавилова»: Россия, 410012, Саратовская обл., г. Саратов, пр-кт им. Петра Столыпина, зд. 4, стр. 3.
Спиряхина Татьяна Владиславовна, канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры «Микробиология и биотехнология», ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии им. Н. И. Вавилова»: Россия, 410012, Саратовская обл., г. Саратов, пр-кт им. Петра Столыпина, зд. 4, стр. 3.
Неповинных Наталия Владимировна, д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры «Технологии продуктов питания», ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии им. Н. И. Вавилова»: Россия, 410012, Саратовская обл., г. Саратов, пр-кт им. Петра Столыпина, зд. 4, стр. 3.
Попова Ольга Михайловна, д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры «Технологии продуктов питания», ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный университет генетики, биотехнологии и инженерии им. Н. И. Вавилова»: Россия, 410012, Саратовская обл., г. Саратов, пр-кт им. Петра Столыпина, зд. 4, стр. 3.

Тел.: (906) 303-48-48
E-mail: dfst@list.ru

Целью проведенного исследования было изучение различных подходов по повышению эффективности производства и применения микробных ферментативных препаратов в биотехнологических производствах. В ходе исследований были изучены результаты проведенных научных исследований по применению микробных ферментных препаратов в роли биологических катализаторов в биотехнологических производствах, а также стратегии их совершенствования и перспективы выделения новых микробных ферментов при помощи инновационных подходов. Отмечена роль иммобилизации существующих ферментов для повышения их эффективности, а также отмечена потенциальная возможность применения их иммобилизации для решения проблемы утилизации пищевых отходов и отходов сельскохозяйственных производств. Установлено, что для дальнейшего совершенствования применения ферментных препаратов в биотехнологических производствах необходим комплексный подход, включающий как изыскание новых ферментов, так и совершенствование препаративных форм для современных используемых ферментных препаратов. При этом помимо иммобилизации ферментов активно используются современные биотехнологические методы, такие как метагеномный скрининг, секвенирование геномов, а также изучение экстремофилов. При проведении метагеномного анализа различных объектов внешней среды были выявлены ряд микробных ферментов (липазы, оксидоредуктазы, амидаза, амилаза, бета-глюкозидаза, декарбоксилаза), которые обладают потенциалом для использования в биокатализе. Развитие биоинформатики и совершенствование методик в области секвенирования геномов закономерно привели к тому, что произошел взрывной рост объёма информации, доступной в базах данных последовательностей. Это в свою очередь привело к тому, что появились новые возможности для поиска новых ферментов с помощью компьютерного анализа баз данных. Экстремофилы вызывают большой интерес в качестве потенциального источника ферментов благодаря тому, что способны выживать в исключительно экстремальных условиях окружающей среды (как физических, так и геохимических), которые до недавнего времени считались практически несовместимыми с жизнью. Вместе с тем, учитывая тот факт, что большинство этих микроорганизмов не удается культивировать, их ферменты трудно описать. Но несмотря на имеющиеся трудности при выделении и дальнейшем промышленном использовании, отдельные микробные ферменты экстермофилов все же нашли коммерческое применение и в настоящее время идут дальнейшие исследования по их изучению.

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ENZYME MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS AND THEIR USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INDUSTRIES: IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES AND APPLICATION PROSPECTS

Khaptsev Zaur Yurievich, Cand. of Biol. Sci., Ass. Prof. of the Depart. of Microbiology and biotechnology, Saratov state university of genetics, biotechnology and engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.
Spiryakhina Tatiana Vladislavovna, Cand. of Biol. Sci., Ass. Prof. of the Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Saratov state university of genetics, biotechnology and engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.
Nepovinnykh Natalia Vladimirovna, Dr. of Biol. Sci., Prof. of the Depart. of Food technology, Saratov state university of genetics, biotechnology and engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.
Popova Olga Mikhailovna, Dr. of Biol. Sci., Prof. of the Depart. of Food technology, Saratov state university of genetics, biotechnology and engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia.

Keywords: enzymes, immobilization, biological catalysts, metagenomic screening, genomes of microorganisms, extremophiles.

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study various approaches to improve the efficiency of production and use of microbial enzymatic drugs in biotechnological industries. The research examined the results of scientific research on the use of microbial enzyme preparations as biological catalysts in biotechnological industries, as well as strategies for their improvement and prospects for the isolation of new microbial enzymes using innovative approaches. The role of immobilization of existing enzymes to increase their efficiency is noted, and the potential for using their immobilization to solve the problem of recycling food waste and agricultural waste is also noted. It has been established that in order to further improve the use of enzyme preparations in biotechnological industries, an integrated approach is needed, including both the search for new enzymes and the improvement of formulations for modern used enzyme preparations. In addition to enzyme immobilization, modern biotechnological methods such as metagenomic screening, genome sequencing, and the study of extremophiles are actively used. Metagenomic analysis of various environmental objects revealed a number of microbial enzymes (lipases, oxidoreductases, amidase, amylase, beta-glucosidase, decarboxylase) that have the potential for use in biocatalysis. The development of bioinformatics and the improvement of techniques in the field of genome sequencing have naturally led to an explosive increase in the amount of information available in sequence databases. This, in turn, has led to new opportunities for searching for new enzymes using computer database analysis. Extremophiles are of great interest as a potential source of enzymes due to the fact that they are able to survive in extremely extreme environmental conditions (both physical and geochemical), which until recently were considered practically incompatible with life. However, given the fact that most of these microorganisms cannot be cultured, their enzymes are difficult to describe. However, despite the difficulties in isolation and further industrial use, individual microbial enzymes of osmophiles have nevertheless found commercial use and further research is currently underway to study them.

Khaptsev, Z.Yu., Spiryakhina, T.V., Nevinnykh, N.V., Popova, O.M. (2025) Enzyme microbial preparations and their use in biotechnological industries: improvement strategies and application prospects. Nauchnaya zhizn' [Scientific Life], vol. 20. iss. 6 (144). pp. 1880-1892 (in Russian) DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2025-20-6-1880-1892